Things I've learned since I have become the head honcho of this outfit:
(By the way, did you know that honcho comes from the Japanese word hanchō (班長), meaning section or unit chief, especially in the military. US occupation troops in Japan and during the Korean War picked it up, changing the pronunciation to honcho and adding "head" for those with more authority.)
Okay, enough of that. I could go on, you know. Want me to tell you about "skosh"?
Where was I?
Oh, right. Um...
So like, remember when I wrote about shooting a mountain lion that time when it killed my dog and my horse bucked me off and I caught a hoof on the way down? And the horse ran away. And I, pretty badly injured, carried my dog back home, walking quite a few miles from the remote line shack near where the incident occurred. Yeah. Fun times.Well, what I didn't know then was that, by law, I was required to leave my dog at the scene, not move him or the lion and was also required to notify Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, who would send a game warden out to inspect the scene and decide whether or not the killing was justified, and then turn the carcass of the lion over to them.
Well the second, it took me a day to get home -- with my dog. I was not going to leave him! He died protecting me. Then the priority for my family was to get me to a hospital, not comply with all that crap. But now I know why my dad flew the Aviat out to the scene and checked it out. That was a dangerous thing to do in winter, as it was, and land where there was no airstrip. And take off. Very few pilots would even contemplate doing that. But my dad was totally the best.
He did that to comply as much as possible with the damned government requirements. Oh, and a game warden did come out to the ranch and chastise my dad for me having moved my dog, but he was too chicken to fly out with my dad to the site and finally accepted the photos my dad took of the scene and his examination of my dog's body as well as my injuries as proof the shooting was justified. He did still want the carcass and said he would be back to get it, and come spring he did, but by then it was gone, of course, dragged away and eaten by other predators and carrion eaters.
I never knew anything about those events or those rules.
Anyway, fast forward to earlier this year and what else I learned. Some of our cattle got into larkspur, which is a beautiful flowering plant but deadly to cattle, killing them within hours of eating it. We keep cattle out of pastures with larkspur till after it has gone to seed, but this year, maybe due to the weather, some larkspur bloomed late or something. Anyway, cattle got into it and died. That was bad enough. But their carcasses attracted predators and scavengers, most especially grizzly bears. The grizzlies attacked and killed more of our cattle.Now, you'd think we could just go up there and shoot the damn bears. That's what I thought. Oh, no. No, no, no.
You can only legally kill a grizzly bear if it is in the act of killing livestock. Now how the hell often are you going to be out on the range with your cattle when that happens? I mean really. Come on.
But that's the law.
I am going to paste an AI summary of all the crap you have to go through to deal with a predator killing your livestock. It is just too much, man. Just too much. But you have to do it. And you know what? Just about everything involving ranching is regulated by federal, state and local laws, ordinances, advisories.... So much for the wild west. This is the land of the bureaucrat and the cowed. Huh. That's a pun. Sort of. "The cowed." I made a funny. Ha. Ha.
And I have to get guard llamas. I shitteth thee not. Guard llamas! What in the world? God is just fucking with me for the lulz. (Okay, the Government, not God. Same diff.)
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The AI summary:
When past livestock kills or persistent predator threats occur in Montana, ranchers cannot handle the situation privately. Instead, they must trigger an official state and federal intervention protocol.
Because grizzly bears are federally protected, and wolves/mountain lions are strictly managed by the state, the details of trapping, removal, and official kill permits are highly regulated:
1. The Investigation (The First Step)
Before any trapping or permit is issued, an official investigation must confirm the predator threat:
• Who to call: The rancher must immediately contact USDA Wildlife Services or Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (FWP).
• Evidence preservation: The rancher is required to protect the carcass and the site from scavengers (often covering tracks or using tarps) so investigators can look for specific predatory signs (e.g., specific bite marks or tracks).
• The Verdict: An official agent must formally classify the incident as a "confirmed" or "probable" predator depredation.
2. Trapping and Relocation / Removal
If a chronic conflict is confirmed, government specialists (not the rancher) take control of the trapping and removal process:
• Who does it: Only authorized federal USDA Wildlife Services agents or state FWP biologists are legally permitted to set traps or snares for these large predators.
• Relocation: If the bear or wolf has no prior history of livestock conflicts and is caught in a flexible management zone, authorities may choose to drug, tag, and relocate the animal to an approved wilderness area.
• Lethal Removal: If the animal is deemed a repeat offender, highly habituated to livestock, or a threat to human safety, government agents will euthanize the animal.
3. Official Kill Permits (Issued to the Rancher)
Under Montana Code Annotated § 87-5-301, the Director of Montana FWP can issue a conditional, non-transferable kill permit directly to a livestock owner (or their authorized employee) to shoot a specific problem animal:
• The "Threatening" Threshold: The permit is only issued if FWP legally determines that a specific animal poses a persistent threat to humans or livestock.
• The Nonlethal Prerequisite: Montana administrative rules require ranchers to demonstrate and document that they have first attempted nonlethal deterrence measures (such as electric fencing, carcass removal, guard dogs, or fladry) before a kill permit will be granted, particularly if the livestock are grazing on public lands.
• Strict Geography: The permit is strictly limited to the specific boundaries where the owner's livestock are legally authorized to graze. It does not give the rancher permission to hunt or track the animal outside their property or active public allotment.
• Reporting Deadlines: If a rancher successfully takes an animal under an official kill permit, they must report the kill to FWP within 24 hours (compared to the 72-hour window allowed when catching an animal "in the act") and surrender the carcass.
Under Montana Administrative Rules (ARM 12.9.1304), "nonlethal effort" is legally defined as a variety of active husbandry practices and physical deterrents meant to mitigate wildlife conflicts without killing the predator.
To show valid proof when applying for an official kill permit, a rancher must demonstrate they have deployed specific, documented tools from the following categories:
1. Physical and Visual Deterrents
• Fladry or Turbo-Fladry: Highly visible flags hung from fencing lines to deter wolves. Turbo-fladry incorporates an electric shock wire running through the flags.
• Electric Fencing: Temporary or permanent high-tensile electric fencing designed to keep large carnivores away from calving pastures or night pens.
• Scare Devices: Deployment of motion-activated alarms, strobe lights (such as Foxlights), or noise-making devices like starter pistols and cracker shells.
2. Guarding and Husbandry Practices
• Range Riders: Hiring or acting as a range rider to maintain an active, daily human presence around grazing livestock to deter predators.
• Livestock Guarding Animals: Active deployment of specially trained livestock guard dogs (such as Anatolian Shepherds or Akbash), guard llamas, or donkeys.
• Shed Lambing or Calving: Confining vulnerable pregnant or newborn livestock into secure indoor sheds, night pens, or smaller, highly managed structures.
3. Attractant Management
• Carcass Removal: Rapidly cleaning up and removing dead livestock from the pasture to ensure predators are not being actively baited or drawn to the herd.
• Grazing Management: Altering pasture rotations, utilizing supplemental feed to keep cattle bunched tightly together, or moving vulnerable stock to alternative, lower-risk pastures during peak predator activity.
How to Prove It to State Officials
The state requires an incremental approach before issuing a lethal permit. Ranchers prove their nonlethal compliance through:
• Written Ranch Management Plans: Documenting active grazing rotations, carcass disposal strategies, and predator deterrence protocols.
• Visual Evidence: Providing time-stamped photographs or video proof of electric fencing, fladry installations, and guard animals actively working the herd.
• Logbooks and Receipts: Keeping meticulous daily logs of human presence (range rider schedules) and receipts for purchased deterrence equipment.
• Joint Monitoring: Participating with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (FWP) or USDA Wildlife Services to track radio-collared predators in the area, proving that deterrents were actively deployed in the direct vicinity of known packs.
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There's more official crap to deal with, but this is enough to give you an idea of what a rancher has to deal with to get you your quarter-pounder. Want me to tell you what all we have to do to get reimbursed for the animals killed by predators? I know, you ain't got time. You got a brain transplant scheduled that you totally forgot about and have to get going.
Oh, we can still shoot the gol' durn coyotes on sight. But in California I hear you can't even do that. Probably soon enough we won't be able to do that either.
Anyway, you have some idea of why I am so tired these days. I have so much to deal with. Why not hand it off to the ranch manager? Because I have to know about it all, understand what needs to be done, how things operate. I can't just be some flibbertigibbet trusting the the good will of the world.
So I have a ranch to run, employees to deal with, five children to raise, an ailing mother, a...; well, a lot is on my plate. I know. Boo hoo.
But on top of this, people are urging me to date. Move on with my life and all that. Chase down, rope and hog-tie a new husband. They don't put it that way, but that's what they're saying. They don't understand that, even if I wanted to, were I to go on a date, say to some romantic Italian restaurant, with Mr. Wonderful, as he was charming me with his charisma, composing love poetry to me on the spot, I would doze off and fall face first into my spaghetti, my snores bubbling the sauce.
Forget it.
































