A flight of six F4F-4s. |
Deck crew unfolds F4F-4's wings. |
An F4F-4 is waved into position for launch. |
One thing that struck me when I was looking into this episode is how tired he must have been the day he was shot down. He flew six hours, six combat hours that day, guarding the carriers and transports. Three carrier launches and two carrier recoveries.
Pilots man your planes! An F4F-4 being scrambled. |
Then another combat patrol shortly after 10 am over the transport screen. Some four hours flying just in the morning, with all the tension of watching and waiting for an enemy attack. He was the flight leader each time, being the senior officer, a Lt. (jg).
Then on the final combat patrol, launched shortly after 1pm, leading five others, he encountered 33 enemy aircraft -- 15 bombers escorted by 18 fighters. Outnumbered five-and-a-half to one, yet there was no choice but to fight. Three of the fighters attacked the G4M bombers while the remaining three, including my grandfather, went after the escorting Zeros to try to keep them away from the three F4Fs going after the bombers
The life raft compartment behind the F4F-4 cockpit, and the life raft. |
All three of the fighters that engaged the Zeros were shot down and their pilots declared missing and presumed dead. Two are still missing, their fates unknown.
The Navy credits my grandfather with shooting down two Zeros before going down
The F4F-4's uninflated life raft and its storage bay. |
I had imagined that my grandfather, after being shot down, floated around in his life raft until he was rescued. But that wasn't what happened. Twenty-millimeter cannon shells struck the life raft compartment behind the cockpit of his F4F and the life raft was ripped out, inflating as it did so. But it clung flapping in the slipstream to the outside of the airplane, tethered to it by a line such as you can see in the photo above, seriously affecting control of the plane. Other cannon shells ripped into one of the wing fuel tanks, setting it on fire.
A Zero in the gunsight of an F4F-4. |
To make matters worse, as he was struggling back to the surface and trying to get clear of his parachute shrouds, a Zero crashed into the water almost on top of him. He was knocked underwater by the wave surge of the impact and surfaced into a sea of flaming gasoline.
Pilot's ready room. A little tense. |
He wrestled out of his parachute harness and swam away from the wreckage of the Zero, only to have two Zeros strafe him, possibly expending the last of their ammunition as they only made one pass and kept on going.
Mitsubishi G4M bomber going down. |
He was reported missing and his family notified. The dreaded telegram. Missing, presumed dead. And then, 37 days after he was shot down, he was reported safe. A passing flight of American bombers spotted his fire and signal and a PBY flew out and picked him up and within minutes he went from chewing on a crab claw to drinking strong Navy coffee and eating Vienna sausages and soda crackers. Three days later he was flown from Tulagi island to Espirito Santos island, a long flight in another PBY, which is noted in his log book. After 10 days in the hospital there, he was returned to his ship.
In his log book he notes this PBY flight down on the August page. There is no September page. The next page is October, when he resumes normal flight activities with his fighter squadron. So, to be clear, he was shot down on August 7, rescued and reported safe on September 15, as noted in his log book, flown to Espirito Santos on September 18 ('though at first glance it would seem August 18) with flight time noted in his logbook, then returned to his ship on September 28.
As a summary, on the day my grandfather was shot down, a total of 18 F4F-4s battled attacking Japanese aircraft formations. Nine were shot down and four pilots killed, two planes made it back to their carrier but were so badly damaged they were pushed over the side, and four others suffered battle damage.
It seems, in terms of destroyed aircraft, that the two sides came out even that day. But there were dozens and dozens of Japanese fighters and bombers and just 18 young American pilots, never more than six together, who had to drive them away from our ships. In that they succeeded, despite the high cost to themselves.
And my grandfather survived, so I am here!
I write that rather flippantly. But the truth is that it was a near thing for me to come into existence. Three young men went into combat against many times their number of enemy fighters and two of them were killed. The one that led to me survived, just barely. But who would have been born had those other two men lived? Why were they not born and I was? There's a whole finger-fan of people born because my grandfather lived, and...nothing...because the two men who went into combat with him against the Zero fighters did not.
(Regarding the flight log, the letter "K" in the column, "Character of Flight," stands for "Tactical"; that is, an operational combat flight. The number written in the "Passengers" column was the radio frequency the flight used. The ARA/ATA radio the F4F was equipped with operated voice communications on 1.5 to 3.0 MHz so "188 channel" would be 1.88 MHz.)